• Issue 1 (2011)
• Issue 2 (2011)

Heating of Subcooled Refrigerants Flowing inside Porous Tubes Study of Heat Transfer: CO2 Case Study

IJTEE, volume-03 , Issue 2 (2011), PP 121 - 124

Published: 27 Jan 2011

DOI: 10.5383/ijtee.03.02.010

by M. Tarawneh, A. Alshqirate, M. Hammad from Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan, Al-Balqa' Applied University, Jordan, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan

Abstract: Experimental study for the heat transfer characteristics in a porous tube was conducted in this work. The tubes were filled with sand beads. Three different particles mean diameters were used, (dm = 5.15 mm, 3.18 mm, 2.03 mm). Liquid CO2 flowed inside tubes placed in laboratory conditions. The tube out wall temperature in 32 points with longitudinal steps was measured. The pressure at inlet was also measured with the rate of the flow of the gas. Heating tube exit was saturated liquid conditions. Results of these experiments were used to calculate the inside tube heat transfer coefficient. An analytical investigation besides the experimental work was carried out for the heating of the sub cooled CO2 liquid as a single-phase refrigerant. An empirical correlation for the coefficient of convectional heat transfer coefficient was formulated as non-dimensional relation: Nude = 0.19 * (Rea) 0.35 (PR) 0.4 (ε) -1.39 A comparison between experimental results and that obtained by this developed correlation was carried out. Comparison also was conducted between correlated results and those calculated using the correlation found in Mills 1995, for flow of liquids in porous tubes. The results of this research showed that for heating processes the proposed correlations were proved to possess low deviations. The deviation from the experimental results reached a maximum value of about 4.7 %. This work can enhance the calculations of heat flux of liquid flowing inside porous media, and can help in the design procedure and practical applications of heat exchangers. read more... read less...

Keywords: Heating, Porous media, Convection heat transfer, R744

Theoretical Analysis of Solar Distillation Using Active Solar Still

IJTEE, volume-03 , Issue 2 (2011), PP 113 - 120

Published: 27 Jan 2011

DOI: 10.5383/ijtee.03.02.009

by Omar Badran from Mechanical Engineering Dept, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman, Jordan

Abstract: The performance of active single slope solar still using different operational parameters is studied theoretically and compared with the experimental data for validation purposes, to find out best factors enhancing still productivity. The thermal performance of a single slope solar still coupled with collector is evaluated through implementing the following effective parameters a) different insulation thicknesses of 1, 2.5 and 5 cm, b) solar intensity, c) overall heat loss coefficient d) effective absorptivity and transmissivity, and e) temperature differences between the still cover and water and f) wind speed. It can be concluded from this study that active solar stills can be one of the options for enhancing the productivity of stills, while wind speed and insulation thickness can contribute to the enhancement of the overall yield. read more... read less...

Keywords: Still Performance, Solar still. Solar Energy, Active Solar Systems

Mass and Number Concentration and Size Distribution of Particles Emitted from Diesel Engine

IJTEE, volume-03 , Issue 2 (2011), PP 109 - 112

Published: 27 Jan 2011

DOI: 10.5383/ijtee.03.02.008

by Elzbieta Jankowska from Central Institute for Labour Protection – National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland, 00-701

Abstract: This paper presents results of research of mass and number concentrations and size distribution particles emitted as Diesel exhaust fumes (DEF). The parameters of fine particles were determined with the gravimetric method (with PCIS samplers and microbalance METTLER TOLEDO type UMX2) and optical methods (DUST-TRAK, P-TRAK, GRIMM, SMPS). Researchers were carried out during the simulation of three 4-hours periods possible exposure of workers to DEF in a garage with switch-on and switch-off Diesel engine located in different positions. Investigations were also done in atmospheric air close to garage before and after measurements performed in the garage. read more... read less...

Keywords: Diesel exhaust, concentration, ultrafine particles, size distribution

Residential Building Walls and Environment in Amman, Jordan

IJTEE, volume-03 , Issue 2 (2011), PP 101 - 107

Published: 27 Jan 2011

DOI: 10.5383/ijtee.03.02.007

by S. J. Sulaiman, N. Beithou from Department of Mechanical Engineering, Applied Science University, Amman 11931, Jordan

Abstract: Jordan has a moderate weather conditions which is overwhelmingly dry. Winter months, December, January and February usually have cold spells with rain, wind and occasional snow. Residential buildings are well built with an outer white stone layer on walls and relatively well sealed windows. Most houses are fitted with central heating systems and water heating using Diesel fuel fired boilers. The high cost of fuel renders limited and intermittent use of the space heating system or as an alternative, the use of flu-less paraffin and gas fired heaters. This in addition to cooking and other occupant activities cause the inside environment to become unhealthy and uncomfortable in winter when ventilation is kept to its minimum. Dampness often leads to Mold growth on cold surfaces of walls and ceiling. The present study is experimental with some theoretical analysis of walls thermal properties in an attempt to reach some solutions. The results indicates that insulation of walls plus some means of ventilation with heat recovery can actually save energy, improve inside air quality and avoid moisture. read more... read less...

Keywords: Building walls, Air quality, Insulation, Energy, Moisture, Ventilation.

Experimental Study of Emissions and Performance of Internal Combustion Engine Fuels

IJTEE, volume-03 , Issue 2 (2011), PP 95 - 100

Published: 27 Jan 2011

DOI: 10.5383/ijtee.03.02.006

by Moh’d Sami Ashhab, Mahmoud Abu-Zaid, Odai Baqaeen, Maraam Khdair, Eyas Adel from Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mutah University, Mutah, Jordan

Abstract: Experimental study of 8 different internal combustion fuels is conducted. The 8 fuels are: octane 90, octane 95, blend of 10% methanol & 90% octane 90, blend of 10% methanol & 90% octane 95, blend of 20% methanol & 80% octane 90, blend of 20% methanol & 80% octane 95, blend of 30% methanol & 70% octane 90 and blend of 30% methanol & 70% octane 95. A dynamometer setup is used to conduct the experiments and the emissions and torque at different speeds were measured. The efficiency, power and specific fuel consumption were calculated. The experimental results are represented graphically from which the advantages and disadvantages of each fuel relevant to environment and performance are extracted. The best fuels for internal combustion engines are recommended read more... read less...

Keywords: Emissions, Fuel, Internal Combustion Engines

Design and Fabrication of Auto Air Conditioner Generator Utilizing Exhaust Waste Energy from a Diesel Engine

IJTEE, volume-03 , Issue 2 (2011), PP 87 - 93

Published: 27 Jan 2011

DOI: 10.5383/ijtee.03.02.005

by Khaled AlQdah, Sameh Alsaqoor , Assem Al-Jarrah from Faculty of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department, Tafila Technical University, 66110, Tafila , Jordan, Faculty of Engineering, Engineering Chemical Industries Department, Tafila Technical University, Tafila , Jordan

Abstract: In this investigation analysis and design of an automobile air conditioner was made by utilizing the available diesel engine exhaust waste energy to provide the required heat for the generator. Because automotive air conditioning is one of the most equipment that heavily uses CFC compounds, and the leakage of CFCs from such air conditioners affect the environment, the absorption cycle was found to be an ideal option. Cooling load for the automobile has been estimated and found to be within acceptable ranges which are about 1.37 TR. The reported results show that the COP values directly proportional with increasing generator and evaporator temperatures. Measured COP values of the proposed model varied between 0.85 and 1.04. The generator was designed and fabricated for optimal performance and could be rapidly transfer to the industrial applications, The system was found to be applicable and ready to produce the required conditioning effect without any additional load to the engine The proposed system decreases vehicle operating costs and environmental pollution caused by the heating system as well as causing a lower global warming. Simple experiments were carried out to examine the performance of the generator heat shown the benefit of exhaust gases as an alternative heating source. read more... read less...

Keywords: Generator, Absorber , COP, Waste Energy, Cooling Load; Aqua- ammonia

Potential of One-Axis and Two-Axis Tracking Photovoltaic Systems

IJTEE, volume-03 , Issue 2 (2011), PP 81 - 85

Published: 27 Jan 2011

DOI: 10.5383/ijtee.03.02.004

by A. Al Tarabsheh, I. Etier from Electrical Engineering Department, The Hashemite University, 13115 Zarqa, Jordan

Abstract: This paper explores the potential of solar energy generation in the area of The Hashemite University in Jordan (32.05_N, 36.06_E) by investigating the optimal inclination and azimuth angles of photovoltaic (PV) modules for every hour, day, month, and of the whole year. The object of this study is to maximize the annual energy production of PV systems by tracking the changes of sun's position in the sky north-to-south and east-to-west. Hourly, daily, monthly, and annually global radiation averages are simulated using the METEONORM comprehensive meteorological software and then analysed using the MATLAB™ software. This study shows that the one-axis PV tracking system about the inclination axis increases the energy yield of 5.87% compared to the fixed surfaces (azimuth angle=0° and inclination angle=30°) , while the one-axis PV tracking system about the azimuth axis increases the energy yield of 20.12% compared to the fixed surfaces. On the other hand, the two-axis PV tracking system about both the inclination and azimuth axes increase the energy yield of 30.82% compared to the fixed surfaces. read more... read less...

Keywords: One- and Two-axis Tracking, METEONORM, Solar Energy

Correlation between the Bulk Flow Hydrodynamics, Wind Shear Stress and Evolution of the Surface Waves

IJTEE, volume-03 , Issue 2 (2011), PP 73 - 79

Published: 27 Jan 2011

DOI: 10.5383/ijtee.03.02.003

by Mamoun A. M. Janajrah, Omar O. Badarn from Mechatronics Engineering Department, Al-Balqa Applied University, P.O. Box 15008, Amman, Jordan, Mechanical Engineering Department, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman, Jordan

Abstract: Wind generated surface waves is described as when the wind blows over the water surface and its momentum transfers through the surface to the bulk and generates perturbations throughout. The appearance of the surface waves starts if the disturbing effects due to the action of wind shear stress and induced bulk flow perturbations exceed the effect of restoring forces of gravity, capillary, and viscous forces this occurs as the flow transition from laminar to turbulent occurs. Based on the above description of wind generated surface waves the characteristics of the surface waves depend on strength of the induced bulk perturbations, wind shear stress and the physical properties of the surface. The correlation between evolution the surface waves and the first two factors are discussed in this paper, however the effect of the physical properties of the water surface will discussed in a separate paper. It was found that -irrespective of the wind speed -the waves cannot be generated under the effect of wind action until the strength of the induced bulk flow perturbations become significant and when the laminar-turbulent flow transition occurs. The evolution of the bulk flow parameters under effect of wind action (such as flow velocity, vorticity, swirling strength, shear strength, velocity vector angle) as the wind attains different orders were obtained using PIV system. read more... read less...

Keywords: PIV, surface waves, flow hydrodynamics

An Optimal Two-Dimensional Geometry of Flywheel for Kinetic Energy Storage

IJTEE, volume-03 , Issue 2 (2011), PP 67 - 72

Published: 27 Jan 2011

DOI: 10.5383/ijtee.03.02.002

by Mofid Mahdi from Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia

Abstract: The consumption of energy is increasing drastically. The available resources of energy are limited therefore; the search of new sources is a vital issue. This has to be done with efficient energy consumption and saving. A flywheel may provide a mechanical storage of kinetic energy. A capable flywheel must have a very high rotational speed which may lead to a high stresses. The stress state relies on the flywheel material properties, geometry and rotational speed. On the other hand, the stored kinetic energy relies on the mass moment of inertia and rotational speed. This paper considered three solid flywheel disk profiles that are constructed using functions of cubic splines. Using FEM, the cubic splines parameters are analyzed systematically to seek a maximum stored kinetic energy per unite mass. Subjected to maximum permissible effective stress, favorable flywheel disk profiles were achieved. All FEM computations were carried out using ANSYS. read more... read less...

Keywords: Flywheel Profile , Energy Storage, FEM, Stresses, Cubic Splines.

Implementation of Solar Technologies in the Development of Rural, Remote and Sub urban Communities

IJTEE, volume-03 , Issue 2 (2011), PP 59 - 66

Published: 27 Jan 2011

DOI: 10.5383/ijtee.03.02.001

by N. M. Khattab, H. Soliman, M. Metias, I. El-Seesy, E. Mettawee, E. El-Shenawy, M. Hassan from Solar Energy Department, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt, 12622

Abstract: This case study describes a model household in which a number of simple solar technologies are utilized to provide for the daily household needs of electricity, clean water, cooling and heating. The model was named ―Solar Home‖. A ―Solar Home‖ is primarily suited to rural, remote and sub urban low-income communities that suffer from lack of access to grid electricity and clean quality water. However, with the increased demand on energy in urban communities connected to grid electricity, the ―Solar Home‖ can serve as a practical solution in the near future. The case study presents the results of the studies carried out on a pilot scale Solar Home project built in the Solar Energy Department, NRC, Egypt. The solar system designs used in the pilot Solar Home project are practical, easy to install and maintain, as well as inexpensive. The systems would serve two purposes domestic services and some income generating activities. The case study discusses the performance of the selected solar systems under actual climatic conditions of Egypt, their costs. The case study will detail recommendations for the optimum implementation of the suggested systems and the needed training to use those systems. Finally, the case study will list some of the lessons learned and the challenges faced during implementation and operation. read more... read less...

Keywords: Solar Home, Domestic Solar Systems, Generating Activities systems, Costs

Control of a DC/DC Buck Converter by Fuzzy Logic of a Pumping Solar System

IJTEE, volume-03 , Issue 1 (2011), PP 53 - 57

Published: 27 Jan 2011

DOI: 10.5383/ijtee.03.01.009

by N. Mazouz, A. Midoun from Laboratory of Power Electronics and Solar Energy. Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Sciences and Technology of Oran. BP 1505 El M’naouer 31000, Oran, Algeria

Abstract: The exploitation of the solar energy is very significant for Algeria (a very sunny country). Moreover, the dryness phenomenon in this country imposes more and more the use of pumping plants. In our work, we propose a technique for the identification of the Maximum Power Point (MPP) based on fuzzy logic. This method is used to generate the cyclic ratio to operate the switcher within the maximum power of a photovoltaic array (PV). For simulation purpose we made a complete modelling of the entire system. The system carried out consists of a photovoltaic generator supplying, through a DC converter, a direct current (DC) engine coupled to a centrifugal pump. Our experimental bench consists of two principal units. A DC converter module composed of IGBT power transistors. And a processing module connected to a PC serial port, handling the input signals delivered by photovoltaic generator and controlling the power unit. The obtained experimental results show on the one hand the utility of the fuzzy controller for the optimization of the system, and on the other hand the match with the results of simulation which is very satisfactory. read more... read less...

Keywords: Pumping, Fuzzy Logic, MPPT, Photovoltaic array, Cyclic Ratio, DC Converter.

Design, Construction and Operation of Solar Heating Coil

IJTEE, volume-03 , Issue 1 (2011), PP 47 - 51

Published: 27 Jan 2011

DOI: 10.5383/ijtee.03.01.008

by R. Abu-Mallouh, O. Badran, S. Abdallah, Y. Abdellatif from Applied Sciences University, Amman 11931, Jordan, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman, Jordan

Abstract: In this work a novel design of a solar heating system is suggested, which is the solar heating coil. A computerized sun tracking system was used for rotating the solar heating coil with the movement of the sun. An experimental study was conducted to investigate the performance of the solar heating coil with two axes tracking and without tracking. The results indicate that in the case of exposing the SHC to the sun for 30 minutes, the heating coil with two axes tracking can increase water temperature from 24 ºC to 91 ºC, while the heating system without tracking can increase water temperature from 24 ºC to 57 ºC. read more... read less...

Keywords: solar heating coil, sun tracking

Adaptive Prediction of the Performance of a Photovoltaic Solar Integrated System

IJTEE, volume-03 , Issue 1 (2011), PP 43 - 46

Published: 27 Jan 2011

DOI: 10.5383/ijtee.03.01.007

by Moh’d Sami Ashhab from Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13115, Jordan

Abstract: The performance of an experimental photovoltaic (PV) solar system is predicted using adaptive artificial neural networks (ANNs). The performance of the system is represented by its important efficiencies. An ANN model that predicts these efficiencies from relevant measurements exits in the literature. Adaptive online techniques are applied to the existing ANN model for the PV solar integrated system. The on-line ANN uses the error between the ANN predicted efficiency and the efficiency measurement from the appropriately selected sensors and efficiency laws to update the network’s parameters recursively. The adaptation scheme is based on the Kaczmar's algorithm and improves the ANN prediction accuracy when the PV solar system parts degrade, the date within the year changes and in the presence of modelling errors. Thus, the ANN prediction capability improves especially over the long-time horizon. The adaptive model for the PV solar system can be used to estimate precisely the system parameters which will produce maximum efficiencies and consequently will enable the best design for the PV solar system read more... read less...

Keywords: : PV Solar System, Adaptive Algorithm, Neural Networks

Global Climate Changes and Effects on Urban Climate of Urban Green Spaces

IJTEE, volume-03 , Issue 1 (2011), PP 37 - 41

Published: 27 Jan 2011

DOI: 10.5383/ijtee.03.01.006

by Serpil Onder, Sukru Dursun from Selcuk University, Agriculture Faculty, Department of Landscape Architecture, Konya, Turkey, Selcuk University, Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Konya, Turkey

Abstract: Global climate change and drought are major threats of our age. The future of earth ecosystems is increasingly dependent on the patterns of urban growth because cities are growing rapidly worldwide. Urban ecosystems differ from natural or rural ones in many obvious ways and are also often of poorer quality than their rural equivalents. Human activities, such as building, traffic, or industrial production affect the quality of air, water, and soil which impacts ecosystems in many ways and the activities is causing global climate changes. Green space is an important part of complex urban ecosystems and provides significant ecosystem services. There are positive contributions on a properly designed and implemented a green space for bio-climatic environment creation, micro-air-climate creation, climate control to provide increase of oxygen decrease of pollution amount and dust reduction, energy savings provision, reduce the negative effects of rainfall, some benefits on city climate. In this study, on global warming and climate changes important threats of our era and effect on the environmental damage will be highlighted. Creation of the green spaces and the positive contribution to climate in the city will be described read more... read less...

Keywords: Global climate change, urban ecology, urban green spaces.

Proposed Energy Saving Techniques for Multi-Apartment Buildings in Jordan

IJTEE, volume-03 , Issue 1 (2011), PP 27 - 36

Published: 27 Jan 2011

DOI: 10.5383/ijtee.03.01.005

by N. Beithou, Y. Abdellatif, M. Al-Taani, M. Abu Hilal from Engineering Faculty, Applied Science University, Amman 11931, Jordan, Engineering Faculty, Alnajah University, Palestine

Abstract: During the last decade and as a result of the significant increase in the population of Jordan, multi-apartment buildings became the most dominant building format, especially in Amman the capital of Jordan. The lack of well-developed passive heating, cooling and energy saving solutions, made the reliance on central heating in winter and air conditioners in summer the prominent choice for residents. The sustained significant increase in the use of these high energy consuming systems, have started to exert a heavy toll on the national economy and have raised environmental and public health concerns. This study is devoted to the analysis of heating and cooling problems in the new multi-apartment buildings in Jordan. The main focus of this study is to minimize fuel and electricity consumption. Techniques for heating and cooling are proposed. This study shows that the proposed techniques will lead to significant savings in total energy consumption. These savings will lead to multifield benefits including a welcomed relief to lower and middle-class family budgets, a significant reduction in the national reliance on imported energy, and a significant reduction in greenhouse emissions. Nevertheless, a wider and more specific study could be done for optimizing the loads and choosing the best air conditioning system read more... read less...

Keywords: Energy Management, Multi-Apartment, Building Energy Saving, Renewable energy.

Design and Construction of a Green, Controlled-Environment Dwelling in Jordan

IJTEE, volume-03 , Issue 1 (2011), PP 21 - 25

Published: 27 Jan 2011

DOI: 10.5383/ijtee.03.01.004

by Abdul Hai Alami from Mechanical Engineering Department, Higher Colleges of Technology, Al-Ain, UAE, 17155

Abstract: This paper investigates the design and implementation of an enclosure that uses locally developed technologies in terms of insulation and solar thermal heating, as well as exploit the location of Jordan as a recipient of a formidable amount of solar radiation per year to create and maintain a dwelling where the environment is kept at an excellent level of thermal comfort all year round. read more... read less...

Keywords: Solar energy, green buildings, Thermal solar collectors and photovoltaic cells

Utilizing Renewable Energy Resources to Solve Nigeria’s Electricity Generation Problem

IJTEE, volume-03 , Issue 1 (2011), PP 15 - 20

Published: 27 Jan 2011

DOI: 10.5383/ijtee.M3.MN.0MP

by Nnamdi I. Nwulu, O. Phillips Agboola, from Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Near East University, Lefkosa, North Cyprus, Mechanical Engineering Department, Eastern Mediterranean University , Famagusta, via Mersin 10,Turkey

Abstract: There is a paradigm shift in the way energy resources are utilized in today’s world, the shift to renewable source is not only environmentally friendly but it is almost available in every country. Most developed nations are increasingly doing away with traditional energy sources and embracing renewable energy to satisfy their energy needs, the case of Brazil and the use of ethanol in transportation is a vivid example. This paper considers the case of Nigeria which at the moment is grappling with a serious electrical power crisis. The paper reviews the state of the electrical industry in the country considering the pattern of electricity generation and consumption over the last couple of decades and also delves into the renewable energy resources potential of Nigeria. The paper proposes how the renewable sources can be used to improve the power generation in the country. An estimate of major renewable energy resources specifically Hydropower, solar, wind and biomass were provided. One major observation of this paper is that Nigeria can adequately meet her energy demands and simultaneously export electrical power to her neighbours due to the vast amount of renewable energy resources she possesses (from hydropower sources alone Nigeria can source 11 GW which is almost double present installed electrical energy capacity).This paper also suggested practical insights on how to utilize these renewable energy resources in order to solve the country’s long running electricity problem read more... read less...

Keywords: Renewable energy resources, Electricity generation, Nigeria, Energy demand, Hydropower, solar, wind, biomass.

Potential Geothermal Energy Utilization in Jordan: Possible Electrical Power Generation

IJTEE, volume-03 , Issue 1 (2011), PP 9 - 14

Published: 27 Jan 2011

DOI: 10.5383/ijtee.03.01.002

by Z.S.H. Abu-Hamatteh, Khitam Al-Zughoul, Saleh Al-Jufout from Faculty of Engineering Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan 19117 (On sabbatical leave at The World Islamic Sciences and Education University), Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan, 13115 c Faculty of Engineering, Tafila Technical University, Tafila, Jordan, 66110

Abstract: Jordan, which is considered as part of the ring of fire, is tectonically active and could be considered as potential region for future generation of energy from the available geothermal energy resources. The current article discusses the possibility of utilizing geothermal energy in generating electrical power in Jordan. Jordan encounters geothermal energy resources in two main forms, medium and low energy with variation of temperature ranges from 110–114 Oc and 30–65 Oc, respectively. The various hot springs and wells have been subjected to a comparison in terms of temperature and flow rate in order to determine the most suitable method for electric power generation. This comparison concluded that electrical power could be generated using geothermal binary power plants and geothermal Stirling engines. read more... read less...

Keywords: Geothermal Energy, Groundwater, Binary Power plant, Stirling Engine

Impact of Emulsified Water/Diesel Mixture on Engine Performance and Environment

IJTEE, volume-03 , Issue 1 (2011), PP 1 - 7

Published: 27 Jan 2011

DOI: 10.5383/ijtee.03.01.001

by Omar Badran, Sadeq Emeish, Mahmoud Abu-Zaid, Tayseer Abu-Rahma, Mohammad Al-Hasan, Mumin Al-Ragheb from Faculty of Eng. Tech., Mech. Eng. Dept, Al-Balqa Applied University, P.O. Box 15008, 11134, Amman, Jordan, Faculty of Eng. Tech., Chem. Eng. Dept, Al-Balqa Applied University, P.O. Box 15008, 11134, Amman, Jordan, Faculty of Eng., Mech. Eng. Dept, Mu’tah University, Al-Karak, Jordan

Abstract: An experimental investigation was carried out to produce a stable diesel-water emulsion fuel to be used in a diesel engine under different operating conditions. The proper mixing technique and emulsifying agent were used to produce stable emulsions of 10% to 30 % water by volume in diesel. The stability of these emulsions ranges from one week up to 4 weeks. The physical properties of stable water-diesel emulsions such as density, viscosity and pour point were observed. The effect of water-diesel concentrations, on the performance of a single cylinder diesel engine in terms of engine speed, torque, brake power output, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature and emissions such as NOx and particulate matter (PM) were studied. The results showed that the water emulsification has a potential to improve the diesel engine performance and to reduce gas pollutants read more... read less...

Keywords: Diesel engine; Water-diesel Emulsions; Physical properties; Engine speed; Brake power output; Brake specific fuel; gas emission