volume-10-Issue 1 (2016)
Latest Articles
Economical Investigation of the Feasibility of Utilizing the PV Solar Lighting for Jordanian Streets
IJTEE, volume-10, Issue 1 (2016) , PP 79 - 85
Published: 05 Sep 2016
DOI: 10.5383/ijtee.10.01.012
by Lina Al-Kurdia, Reem Al-Masri, A. Al-Salaymeh from Mechanical Engineering Department, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan, Energy, Water and Environment Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
Abstract: Jordan blessed with a various type of renewable energy resources, being located on the Sun Belt is the most perspicacious and substantial matter. In spite of these facts the energy problem is one of the most frustrating challenges facing Jordan these days, causing tremendous pressure on the country's economy, obviously the solution lies in reducing the proportion of the imported fuel for the benefit of exploitation of renewable energy sources. Street lighting is a vital sector in any country growth. This vital sector represents 2% of annual electricity consumption in Jordan. This paper will introduce feasibility study for the installation photovoltaic cells in street lighting for existing and futuristic project as a step toward solving the problem facing this sector. The study shows that photovoltaic is feasible for futuristic due to minimizing the work frame time and the cost required for the infrastructure. read more... read less...
Keywords: Renewable Energy, Photovoltaic, PV, Street Lighting, Solar Energy.
Design and Experimental Investigations of Magnetic Energy Harvester at Low Resonance Frequency
IJTEE, volume-10, Issue 1 (2016) , PP 69 - 78
Published: 05 Sep 2016
DOI: 10.5383/ijtee.10.01.011
by Ala’aldeen Al-Halhoulia, Hussam A. Kloub, Michael Wegner , Stephanus Büttgenbach from Mechatronics Engineering Department, German Jordanian University, Amman, Jordan, Department of Biomedical Engineering, German Jordanian University, Amman, Jordan, Institute of Microtechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany
Abstract: Energy harvesting replaces the traditional method of using batteries to power electronic devices and sensors. It makes them self-sufficient, autonomous, and long-living and requires lower maintenance costs. This paper presents a vibration based electromagnetic energy harvester. The experimental work in this paper investigates the harvester design parameters: the magnet position, the number and the size of magnets and the geometry of the coils. Experimental results show that the optimized prototype generates 9mW at 120Ω load resistance. This energy would be sufficient for energy supply of sensors and electronic devices such as mp3 players or mobile phones. read more... read less...
Keywords: : energy harvesting, vibration energy, electromagnetic, micro generator
Design and Testing of a Meso-Scale Pneumatic Actuated Electrical Power Generator
IJTEE, volume-10, Issue 1 (2016) , PP 63 - 67
Published: 01 Aug 2016
DOI: 10.5383/ijtee.10.01.010
by A.T. Al-Halhoulia, M. Abu Rumman, M. Zgoul from Mechatronics Engineering Department, German Jordanian University, Mushaqar, Jordan, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
Abstract: This work presents experimental study on pneumatic actuated meso-scale permanent magnet power generator. It aims at generating electrical power by spinning a rotor carrying permanent magnets at low rotational speeds to induce current in conducting windings set in a stator in close proximity below the magnets. A number of miniaturized generators were manufactured and tested under different parameters, including: number of winding turns, conducting wire size, number of inserted permanent magnets into the rotor, and spinning speed. In addition, the effect of inserting back-iron to the stator onto output power generation was investigated. The generator was tested experimentally and showed that it can generate milliwatt to watt level power. These investigations have demonstrated the feasibility and scalability of magnetic devices for power generating applications. The generator delivered a power of 1.45 W at resistive load of 30 Ω and spinning speed of 6000 rpm. read more... read less...
Keywords: electromagnetic, fluid power, electrical generator
Biofuels Production Process: Microorganisms Utilizing Carbon to Produce Butanol and Ethanol
IJTEE, volume-10, Issue 1 (2016) , PP 57 - 62
Published: 01 Aug 2016
DOI: 10.5383/ijtee.10.01.009
by Abdulrahman Kehail, Christopher Brigham from Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA
Abstract: Microbial fermentation for bio-based products is quickly becoming an integral component of the world infrastructure, as the processes encompassing the synthesis of these natural products becomes more efficient, environmentally friendly and cost effective to compete with existing products. Rising energy costs and increased awareness of global warming have motivated production of biomass-derived fuels and polymers. Bio-butanol and bio-ethanol are currently the most desired fermentation products, as these compounds can be applied to multiple uses, including the foundation for green fuel sources. This review focuses on biofuel production; butanol and ethanol from yeast and bacteria, and how these products are efficient and can be suitable alternative for petrochemical products. It also focuses on utilizing waste to be used as the carbon source for microorganisms to produce bio-based products in an attempt to reduce the overall cost. read more... read less...
Keywords: Fermentation, Butanol, Ethanol, Strain Development, Feedstock
Electrification of Remote Clinics by Photovoltaic – Hydrogen Fuel Cell System
IJTEE, volume-10, Issue 1 (2016) , PP 53 - 56
Published: 05 Aug 2016
DOI: 10.5383/ijtee.10.01.008
by Makawi Diab Hraiz, Marwan Mahmoud from Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, Palestine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Abstract: Palestinian health clinics in remote areas suffer mostly from lack of electric networks due to Israeli restrictions and lack of infrastructure fund from National Authorities. Most of these areas are far from the main medium voltage transmission lines, which makes it unfeasible to connect them with the main electric power grids. Therefore, renewable energy sources especially as solar and bio-waste can represent a more clean, reliable and feasible solution. Typical energy consumption pattern of a small health clinic is illustrated. Modeling of a proposed PV-Fuel Cell system will be provided. Experimental results obtained from a reduced scale model, built in the lab to give insight into the system technical details, will be presented. Fuel availability and clean energy production by fuel cell, giving its chemical reactions occurring inside the cell as well as production of electricity for unlimited time, are of the main system topics in this paper. The paper provides also a power management strategy for solar and fuel cell system to cover the power demands of a typical small clinic in rural areas of Palestine. The proposed control strategy is based on a logic-based method that considers the status of power supply sources and the load demands to combine and switch in between giving priority to the more stable source. In addition, experimental results for a scaled system built in the lab are presented. Finally, a financial comparison between using storage batteries and fuel cells for electrification of rural clinics is discussed in this paper. It was found that using of fuel cells is economically more feasible. read more... read less...
Keywords: Photovoltaic, Fuel Cells, Rural Electrification, Energy Storage.
Design, Developing and Construction of an Educational Solar Water Heating System with Phase Change
IJTEE, volume-10, Issue 1 (2016) , PP 47 - 51
Published: 01 Aug 2016
DOI: 10.5383/ijtee.10.01.007
by Hosni I. Abu-Mulaweh, Donald W. Mueller, Jr from Purdue University at Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN 46805, USA
Abstract: An educational solar water heater with phase change material (PCM) was designed, developed, and constructed for instructional and demonstrative purposes. This interactive solar water heating system experimental apparatus is capable of demonstrating thermal energy storage and heat transfer concepts and principles. The system consists of two simultaneously functioning heat absorbing units. The first is a flat plate solar collector and the other is a heat storage unit consisting of phase change material (paraffin wax). The heat storage unit utilizes small aluminium cylinders (heat exchangers) filled with paraffin wax as the heat storage medium. Water pump is used to circulate the water between the solar collector and the storage unit where the PCM is located. Results indicate that the PCM stored energy, as latent heat, that was absorbed by the solar collector and released to heat the water in the storage tank when half of the hot water was replaced with cold water. Moreover, tests indicated that latent heat storage is more effective than sensible. read more... read less...
Keywords: Experimental Apparatus, Solar Water Heater, Phase Change Material, Design
Temperature Calibration Measurements based on Laser-Induced Phosphorescence Technique for Combustion Applications
IJTEE, volume-10, Issue 1 (2016) , PP 37 - 45
Published: 01 Aug 2016
DOI: 10.5383/ijtee.10.01.006
by A Jaber from Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Applied Science University (ASU), Amman Jordan, 11931.
Abstract: Phosphor powder and phosphor-binder mixtures are successfully employed for temperature calibration measurements by using laser-induced phosphorescence (LIP) technique with an emphasis on higher precisions and accuracies than other non-intrusive methods. The phosphorescence intensities are used to perform these calibrations in three different strategies. The influence of laser power regular changes on particles heating and the calibration analyses is also carried out. A pulsed laser at 355 nm was used for exciting specimens of the phosphor powder as well as the phosphor-binder mixtures. The laser beam was directed onto the specimens and varied in three laser power levels (LPLs). The samples were kept in an oven with temperatures ranging from room temperature up to 1800 °C. The three strategies which are expressed in terms of non-dimensional intensity versus wavelength (NDI-W), normalised intensity (NI) and intensity ratio (IR) were used for the calibration assessments. A modified IR was compared with two different IRs. A precision of around ± (0.50-1.41)% was attained for different calibration methods. This research confirmed that these calibrations are possible using three different strategies, given high precisions and accuracies. The laser power alternations influenced the NI and do affect neither the NDI-W nor the IR curves. The laser radiation does not play any role for heating the particles of the studied powder. read more... read less...
Keywords: phosphorescence behavior, calibration curves, particles heating, intensity ratio.
Numerical Investigation of Working Fluid Effect on Stirling Engine Performance
IJTEE, volume-10, Issue 1 (2016) , PP 31 - 36
Published: 01 Aug 2016
DOI: 10.5383/ijtee.10.01.005
by Sa’ed A. Musmar, Iskander Tlili from Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan, Mechanical Engineering Department, Engineering College, Majmaah University, PO Box 66, Almajmaah, Saudi Arabia
Abstract: The Stirling engine is achieving great concern in the actual energy area since it has many advantages such as its cleanness and quietness. It is also considered a flexible prime mover for useful for several applications such as micro- cogeneration, solar thermal generation and other micro-distributed generation conditions. Theoretically, the Stirling cycle engine can efficiently convert heat into the mechanical work at the Carnot efficiency. The importance of the choice of working fluid is also demonstrated in the literature. In fact, the Stirling engine power can be increased ten times by changing the working fluid from air to hydrogen for example. This paper represents an evaluation of the on working fluid of a solar-dish Stirling heat engine. Thermal efficiency, exergetic efficiency and the rate of entropy generation corresponding to the optimum value of the output power are also evaluated. Numerical results demonstrate that the swept volume ratio is independent of the choice of working fluid. read more... read less...
Keywords: Stirling engine, Performance, Power, Efficiency, working fluid.
Realization of a Based Concrete Thermal Storage Module used with a Medium Temperature Parabolic Trough Solar Collector
IJTEE, volume-10, Issue 1 (2016) , PP 25 - 30
Published: 01 Aug 2016
DOI: 10.5383/ijtee.10.01.004
by Abdessalem Ben Haj Ali, Moncef Balghouthi, Amenallah Guizani from Thermal Processes Laboratory, Research & Technology Center of Energy, Hammam Lif, B.P. 95, 2050 Tunis, Tunisia
Abstract: Thermal solar energy has been considered for years as one of the most promising candidate for the substitution of the conventional systems providing a clean and sustainable energy solution. However, the intermittent aspect of the solar irradiation received by the earth surface presented a major obstacle for the exploitation and the integration of such technology in various applications. In order to avoid this barrier a thermal storage system for solar energy became a necessity especially for the concentrated solar power technologies. This paper shows the work carried out to determine the thermal behavior of a concrete storage unit for medium temperature applications. The experimental thermal storage module using concrete was realized and tested in order to be integrated in an advanced setup to a solar cooling installation powered by a parabolic trough solar collector. The thermal characteristic of the used concrete matrix was determined. The thermal storage module was tested under the same thermal conditions provided by the solar collectors. The temperature variations of the module during the charging and the heat loss during the night time were investigated. The test results showed some interesting thermal inertia of the concrete based storage module. The integration of the proposed storage module to the solar loop of the cooling installation will lead to extend the operation time after sunset and to decrease time lasted by the solar parabolic trough collector to reach the required operational temperature in the morning read more... read less...
Keywords: Concrete, Parabolic Trough, heat exchanger, thermal storage, CSP
Techno-Economic Evaluation of Renewable Energy Projects using the Software GREENIUS
IJTEE, volume-10, Issue 1 (2016) , PP 17 - 24
Published: 01 Aug 2016
DOI: 10.5383/ijtee.10.01.003
by Jürgen Dersch, Simon Dieckmann from Institute of Solar Research, German Aerospace Center DLR, 51170 Köln, Germany
Abstract: The software greenius which is made for fast and easy annual performance simulations of different renewable energy systems is introduced and two illustrative examples are shown. These examples are a 50 MW CSP plant and a 50 MW PV plant at the same site in Jordan. Different annual and diurnal output profiles as well as the different total electricity production despite identical nominal output are shown and discussed. read more... read less...
Keywords: Solar electricity, modelling, annual performance simulation, software
Water-Energy-Food Nexus Approach: Motivations, Challenges and Opportunities in Algeria
IJTEE, volume-10, Issue 1 (2016) , PP 11 - 15
Published: 01 Aug 2016
DOI: 10.5383/ijtee.10.01.002
by Nadjib DROUICHE, Salaheddine AOUDJ from Centre de Recherche en technologie des Semi-conducteurs pour l’Energétique (CRTSE). 2, Bd Frantz Fanon BP140, Alger – 7 merveilles, 16038, Algeria
Abstract: Water energy food nexus (WEF) originates in the interconnections between the three resources as they are significant input for the production of each other and have major impacts on each other when mobilized and or utilized, conditioning the requirement of intertwined management and sustainability for all (fig.1). Therefore, the solutions for water, energy and food security problems are beyond the single-minded technical approach that mainly focuses on technology. The Nexus approach integrates management and governance across sectors and scales, with the aim of achieving water security, sustainable energy and food security to reduce hunger and poverty, and improve livelihoods. It is about governance within the three sectors and other relevant ones. It entails collaboration and coordination amongst the relevant sectors through the adoption of a holistic vision and integrated planning manners. This allows decision makers to develop the right strategies and plans that contribute to the achievement of sustainable development, maximize the benefits of the investments and ensure resources sustainability. read more... read less...
Keywords: Algeria, Food, water, energy
Direct Steam Generation for Process Heat using Fresnel Collectors
IJTEE, volume-10, Issue 1 (2016) , PP 3 - 9
Published: 01 Aug 2016
DOI: 10.5383/ijtee.10.01.001
by Marwan Mokhtar, Michael Berger, Christian Zahler, Dirk Krüger, Heiko Schenk, Robert Stieglitz from Industrial Solar GmbH, Freiburg, Germany, 79110, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany, 76131, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Köln, Germany, 51147, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Stuttgart, Germany, 70569
Abstract: Industrial energy consumption represents one third of the total energy used worldwide, significant amount of which is thermal energy. This paper discusses the use of Fresnel collectors to provide saturated steam for process heat usage through Direct Steam Generation (DSG) which is a promising technology for introducing solar energy for industrial use. In this work the challenges imposed by the non-linear dynamics of DSG technology in solar system are discussed in addition to the strategies used to overcome these challenges. Moreover, advanced concepts for integrating solar DSG systems in industrial settings are presented in the framework of the SolSteam Project. In addition we present details from the current commercial DSG project being constructed Jordan which represents the first solar DSG plant in MENA read more... read less...
Keywords: Direct Steam Generation, Solar thermal, Fresnel collector, Process heat, Industrial application, SolSteam
Special Issue Devoted to Selected Papers from the International Conference of Young Scientists on Innovative Applied Renewable Energy Researches (ICYS- ARE 2015)
IJTEE, volume-10, Issue 1 (2016) , PP 1 - 2
Published: 10 Aug 2016
DOI: 10.5383/ijtee.10.01.000
by Ala’aldeen Al-Halhouli from Mechatronics Engineering Department, German Jordanian University, Amman, Jordan
Abstract: The International Conference of Young Scientists on Innovative Applied Renewable Energy Researches (ICYS-ARE 2015) was held at the German Jordanian University during May 18-20, 2015. It aimed at bringing young working in the renewable energy related fields together to exchange experiences and join efforts to promote the implementation of renewable energies. ICYS-ARE 2015 invited and supported the participation well-known international professors, Jordanian young scientists/ professors working abroad and international young scientists to meet and talk to local early career young scientists, graduate students, faculty members and professors on up-to-date research results and to familiarize with international colleagues’ innovative applied renewable energy researches. ICYS-ARE 2015 presented contributions describing the latest scientific and technological research results on Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) systems, Solar thermal systems, Renewable energy for electricity generation, Biomass and biofuels, Energy management and efficiency, and Nano-Energy. It highlighted the importance of innovation in the generation of technologies and in the promotion of sustainable development. In addition, during the ICYS-ARE 2015 an intensive workshop on Energy Efficiency & Management was organized for students as well as conference participants. Furthermore, as ICYS, is a great venue for local scientists and researchers, a round table for local scientists and decision makers was organized with their counter arab and international colleagues to discuss on “Brain- Drain” to “Brain-Gain”: Challenges and Opportunities. During this event the phenomenon of brain drain that faces developing countries like Jordan was discussed and opportunities to establish a collaboration between researchers in Jordan with those working abroad in areas that are a priority to the country including renewable energy, technology transfer, research, and training were explored and reviewed. read more... read less...
Keywords: biofuels, energy management, Innovative Applied Renewable Energy